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PUBLICACIONES

 

 

spacerTrabajos Publicados por Gabriela Morreale de Castro
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  1. Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Botella-Carretero, J.I.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine or a combination of levothyroxine plus L-triiodothyronine.". Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 29(1): 57-75. (2015). (PMID: 25617173).
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  2. Navarro, D.; Alvarado, M.; Morte, B.; Berbel, D.; Sesma, J.; Pacheco, P.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Bernal, J.; Berbel, P. "Late maternal hypothyroidism alters the expression of Camk4 in neocortical subplate neurons: a comparison with Nurr1 labeling.". Cereb. Cortex. 24(10): 2694-2706. (2014). (PMID: 23680840).
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  3. Lavado-Autric, R.; Calvo, R.M.; de Mena, R.M.; de Escobar, G.M.; Obregon, M.J. "Deiodinase activities in thyroids and tissues of iodine-deficient female rats.". Endocrinology. 154(1): 529-536. (2013). (PMID: 23142811).
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  4. Ares, S.; Quero, J.; Diez, J.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Neurodevelopment of preterm infants born at 28 to 36 weeks of gestational age: the role of hypothyroxinemia and long-term outcome at 4 years.". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab.. 24(11-12): 897-902. (2011). (PMID: 22308839).
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  5. Costeira, M.J.; Oliveira, P.; Santos, N.C.; Ares, S.; Saenz-Rico, B.; de Escobar, G.M.; Palha, J.A. "Psychomotor development of children from an iodine-deficient region.". J. Pediatr.. 159(3): 447-453. (2011). (PMID: 21492867).
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  6. Grijota-Martínez, C.; Díez, D.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Bernal, J.; Morte, B. "Lack of action of exogenously administered T3 on the fetal rat brain despite expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 8.". Endocrinology. 152(4): 1713-1721. (2011). (PMID: 21303950).
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  7. Soriguer, F.; Gutierrez-Repiso, C.; Gonzalez-Romero, S.; Olveira, G.; Garriga, M.J.; Velasco, I.; Santiago, P.; de Escobar, G.M.; Garcia-Fuentes, E.; , . "Iodine concentration in cow's milk and its relation with urinary iodine concentrations in the population.". Clin Nutr. 30(1): 44-48. (2011). (PMID: 20675020).
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  8. Costeira, M.J.; Oliveira, P.; Ares, S.; Roque, S.; de Escobar, G.M.; Palha, J.A. "Parameters of thyroid function throughout and after pregnancy in an iodine-deficient population.". Thyroid. 20(9): 995-991001. (2010). (PMID: 20629555).
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  9. Berbel, P.; Navarro, D.; Ausó, E.; Varea, E.; Rodríguez, A.E.; Ballesta, J.J.; Salinas, M.; Flores, E.; Faura, C.C.; de Escobar, G.M. "Role of late maternal thyroid hormones in cerebral cortex development: an experimental model for human prematurity.". Cereb. Cortex. 20(6): 1462-1475. (2010). (PMID: 19812240).
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  10. Morte, B.; Díez, D.; Ausó, E.; Belinchón, M.M.; Gil-Ibáñez, P.; Grijota-Martínez, C.; Navarro, D.; de Escobar, G.M.; Berbel, P.; Bernal, J. "Thyroid hormone regulation of gene expression in the developing rat fetal cerebral cortex: prominent role of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV pathway.". Endocrinology. 151(2): 810-820. (2010). (PMID: 20056827).
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  11. La Gamma, E.F.; van Wassenaer, A.G.; Ares, S.; Golombek, S.G.; Kok, J.H.; Quero, J.; Hong, T.; Rahbar, M.H.; de Escobar, G.M.; Fisher, D.A.; Paneth, N. "Phase 1 trial of 4 thyroid hormone regimens for transient hypothyroxinemia in neonates of <28 weeks' gestation.". Pediatrics. 124(2): e258-68. (2009). (PMID: 19581264).
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  12. Rivas, M.; Mellström, B.; Torres, B.; Cali, G.; Ferrara, A.M.; Terracciano, D.; Zannini, M.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Naranjo, J.R. "The DREAM protein is associated with thyroid enlargement and nodular development.". Mol. Endocrinol.. 23(6): 862-870. (2009). (PMID: 19299442).
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  13. Berbel, P.; Mestre, J.L.; Santamaría, A.; Palazón, I.; Franco, A.; Graells, M.; González-Torga, A.; de Escobar, G.M. "Delayed neurobehavioral development in children born to pregnant women with mild hypothyroxinemia during the first month of gestation: the importance of early iodine supplementation.". Thyroid. 19(5): 511-519. (2009). (PMID: 19348584).
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  14. Soriguer, F.; Santiago, P.; Vila, L.; Arena, J.M.; Delgado, E.; Díaz Cadórniga, F.; Donnay, S.; Fernández Soto, M.; González-Romero, S.; Martul, P.; Puig Domingo, M.; Ares, S.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; , . "Clinical dilemmas arising from the increased intake of iodine in the Spanish population and the recommendation for systematic prescription of potassium iodide in pregnant and lactating women (Consensus of the TDY Working Group of SEEN).". J. Endocrinol. Invest.. 32(2): 184-191. (2009). (PMID: 19411820).
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  15. Ares, S.; Quero, J.; de Escobar, G.M. "Iodine balance, iatrogenic excess, and thyroid dysfunction in premature newborns.". Semin. Perinatol.. 32(6): 407-412. (2008). (PMID: 19007678).
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  16. de Escobar, G.M.; Ares, S.; Berbel, P.; Obregón, M.J.; del Rey, F.E. "The changing role of maternal thyroid hormone in fetal brain development.". Semin. Perinatol.. 32(6): 380-386. (2008). (PMID: 19007674).
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  17. Sánchez-Vega, J.; del Rey, F.E.; Fariñas-Seijas, H.; de Escobar, G.M. "Inadequate iodine nutrition of pregnant women from Extremadura (Spain).". Eur. J. Endocrinol.. 159(4): 439-445. (2008). (PMID: 18644824).
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  18. Diez, D.; Grijota-Martinez, C.; Agretti, P.; De Marco, G.; Tonacchera, M.; Pinchera, A.; de Escobar, G.M.; Bernal, J.; Morte, B. "Thyroid hormone action in the adult brain: gene expression profiling of the effects of single and multiple doses of triiodo-L-thyronine in the rat striatum.". Endocrinology. 149(8): 3989-4000. (2008). (PMID: 18467437).
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  19. Wallis, K.; Sjögren, M.; van Hogerlinden, M.; Silberberg, G.; Fisahn, A.; Nordström, K.; Larsson, L.; Westerblad, H.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Shupliakov, O.; Vennström, B. "Locomotor deficiencies and aberrant development of subtype-specific GABAergic interneurons caused by an unliganded thyroid hormone receptor alpha1.". J. Neurosci.. 28(8): 1904-1915. (2008). (PMID: 18287507).
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  20. de Escobar, G.M.; Obregón, M.J.; del Rey, F.E. "Iodine deficiency and brain development in the first half of pregnancy.". Public Health Nutr. 10(12A): 1554-1570. (2007). (PMID: 18053280).
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  21. Berbel, P.; Obregón, M.J.; Bernal, J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Iodine supplementation during pregnancy: a public health challenge.". Trends Endocrinol. Metab.. 18(9): 338-343. (2007). (PMID: 17962037).
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  22. Obregon, M.J.; Calvo, R.M.; Del Rey, F.E.; de Escobar, G.M. "Ontogenesis of thyroid function and interactions with maternal function.". Endocr Dev. 10(): 86-98. (2007). (PMID: 17684391).
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  23. Schultz, R.L.; Swallow, J.G.; Waters, R.P.; Kuzman, J.A.; Redetzke, R.A.; Said, S.; de Escobar, G.M.; Gerdes, A.M. "Effects of excessive long-term exercise on cardiac function and myocyte remodeling in hypertensive heart failure rats.". Hypertension. 50(2): 410-416. (2007). (PMID: 17592073).
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  24. La Gamma, E.F.; van Wassenaer, A.G.; Golombek, S.G.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Kok, J.H.; Quero, J.; Ares, S.; Paneth, N.; Fisher, D. "Neonatal thyroxine supplementation for transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity : beneficial or detrimental?". Treat Endocrinol. 5(6): 335-346. (2006). (PMID: 17107219).
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  25. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Iodine nutrition--more is better.". N. Engl. J. Med.. 355(14): 1500-1; author reply 1501. (2006). (PMID: 17024741).
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  26. Pedraza, P.E.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; del Rey, F.E.; de Escobar, G.M. "Mechanisms of adaptation to iodine deficiency in rats: thyroid status is tissue specific. Its relevance for man.". Endocrinology. 147(5): 2098-2108. (2006). (PMID: 16455775).
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  27. Trivieri, M.G.; Oudit, G.Y.; Sah, R.; Kerfant, B.G.; Sun, H.; Gramolini, A.O.; Pan, Y.; Wickenden, A.D.; Croteau, W.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Pekhletski, R.; St Germain, D.; Maclennan, D.H.; Backx, P.H. "Cardiac-specific elevations in thyroid hormone enhance contractility and prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.. 103(15): 6043-6048. (2006). (PMID: 16595628).
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  28. Roberts, M.R.; Srinivas, M.; Forrest, D.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Reh, T.A. "Making the gradient: thyroid hormone regulates cone opsin expression in the developing mouse retina.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.. 103(16): 6218-6223. (2006). (PMID: 16606843).
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  29. Barrantes, I.d.e.l. .B.; Montero-Pedrazuela, A.; Guadaño-Ferraz, A.; Obregon, M.J.; Martinez de Mena, R.; Gailus-Durner, V.; Fuchs, H.; Franz, T.J.; Kalaydjiev, S.; Klempt, M.; Hölter, S.; Rathkolb, B.; Reinhard, C.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Bernal, J.; Busch, D.H.; Wurst, W.; Wolf, E.; Schulz, H.; Shtrom, S.; Greiner, E.; Hrabé de Angelis, M.; Westphal, H.; Niehrs, C. "Generation and characterization of dickkopf3 mutant mice.". Mol. Cell. Biol.. 26(6): 2317-2326. (2006). (PMID: 16508007).
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  30. Ares, S.; Quero, J.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Neonatal iodine deficiency: clinical aspects.". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab.. 18 Suppl 1(): 1257-1264. (2005). (PMID: 16398457).
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  31. Sousa, J.C.; de Escobar, G.M.; Oliveira, P.; Saraiva, M.J.; Palha, J.A. "Transthyretin is not necessary for thyroid hormone metabolism in conditions of increased hormone demand.". J. Endocrinol.. 187(2): 257-266. (2005). (PMID: 16293773).
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  32. Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Botella-Carretero, J.I.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "REVIEW: Treatment of hypothyroidism with combinations of levothyroxine plus liothyronine.". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90(8): 4946-4954. (2005). (PMID: 15928247).
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  33. Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "The effects of iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone deiodination.". Thyroid. 15(8): 917-929. (2005). (PMID: 16131334).
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  34. Cuevas, E.; Ausó, E.; Telefont, M.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Sotelo, C.; Berbel, P. "Transient maternal hypothyroxinemia at onset of corticogenesis alters tangential migration of medial ganglionic eminence-derived neurons.". Eur J Neurosci. 22(3): 541-551. (2005). (PMID: 16101736).
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  35. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Role of thyroid hormone during early brain development.". Eur. J. Endocrinol.. 151 Suppl 3(): U25-37. (2004). (PMID: 15554884).
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  36. Martinez-Galan, J.R.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Santacana, M.; Ruiz-Marcos, A. "Hypothyroidism alters the development of radial glial cells in the term fetal and postnatal neocortex of the rat.". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res.. 153(1): 109-114. (2004). (PMID: 15464223).
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  37. Ausó, E.; Lavado-Autric, R.; Cuevas, E.; Del Rey, F.E.; Morreale De Escobar, G.; Berbel, P. "A moderate and transient deficiency of maternal thyroid function at the beginning of fetal neocorticogenesis alters neuronal migration.". Endocrinology. 145(9): 4037-4047. (2004). (PMID: 15087434).
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  38. Kester, M.H.; Martinez de Mena, R.; Obregon, M.J.; Marinkovic, D.; Howatson, A.; Visser, T.J.; Hume, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Iodothyronine levels in the human developing brain: major regulatory roles of iodothyronine deiodinases in different areas.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 89(7): 3117-3128. (2004). (PMID: 15240580).
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  39. de Escobar, G.M.; Obregón, M.J.; del Rey, F.E. "Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development.". Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 18(2): 225-248. (2004). (PMID: 15157838).
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  40. Contempré, B.; de Escobar, G.M.; Denef, J.F.; Dumont, J.E.; Many, M.C. "Thiocyanate induces cell necrosis and fibrosis in selenium- and iodine-deficient rat thyroids: a potential experimental model for myxedematous endemic cretinism in central Africa.". Endocrinology. 145(2): 994-991002. (2004). (PMID: 14500569).
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  41. Reyns, G.E.; Venken, K.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Kühn, E.R.; Darras, V.M. "Dynamics and regulation of intracellular thyroid hormone concentrations in embryonic chicken liver, kidney, brain, and blood.". Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.. 134(1): 80-87. (2003). (PMID: 13129506).
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  42. Lavado-Autric, R.; Ausó, E.; García-Velasco, J.V.; Arufe, M.d.e.l. .C.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Berbel, P.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Early maternal hypothyroxinemia alters histogenesis and cerebral cortex cytoarchitecture of the progeny.". J. Clin. Invest.. 111(7): 1073-1082. (2003). (PMID: 12671057).
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  43. Morreale de Escobar, G. "Maternal hypothyroxinemia versus hypothyroidism and potential neurodevelopmental. Alterations of her offspring.". Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris). 64(1): 51-52. (2003). (PMID: 12707634).
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  44. Ibrahim, M.; de Escobar, G.M.; Visser, T.J.; Durán, S.; van Toor, H.; Strachan, J.; Williams, F.L.; Hume, R. "Iodine deficiency associated with parenteral nutrition in extreme preterm infants.". Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.. 88(1): F56-7. (2003). (PMID: 12496228).
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  45. Palha, J.A.; Nissanov, J.; Fernandes, R.; Sousa, J.C.; Bertrand, L.; Dratman, M.B.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Gottesman, M.; Saraiva, M.J. "Thyroid hormone distribution in the mouse brain: the role of transthyretin.". Neuroscience. 113(4): 837-847. (2002). (PMID: 12182890).
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  46. Calvo, R.M.; Jauniaux, E.; Gulbis, B.; Asunción, M.; Gervy, C.; Contempré, B.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Fetal tissues are exposed to biologically relevant free thyroxine concentrations during early phases of development.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 87(4): 1768-1777. (2002). (PMID: 11932315).
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  47. Morreale de Escobar, G. "The role of thyroid hormone in fetal neurodevelopment.". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab.. 14 Suppl 6(): 1453-1462. (2001). (PMID: 11837499).
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  48. Ng, L.; Pedraza, P.E.; Faris, J.S.; Vennström, B.; Curran, T.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Forrest, D. "Audiogenic seizure susceptibility in thyroid hormone receptor beta-deficient mice.". Neuroreport. 12(11): 2359-2362. (2001). (PMID: 11496110).
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  49. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregón, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Is neuropsychological development related to maternal hypothyroidism or to maternal hypothyroxinemia?". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 85(11): 3975-3987. (2000). (PMID: 11095417).
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  50. Palha, J.A.; Fernandes, R.; de Escobar, G.M.; Episkopou, V.; Gottesman, M.; Saraiva, M.J. "Transthyretin regulates thyroid hormone levels in the choroid plexus, but not in the brain parenchyma: study in a transthyretin-null mouse model.". Endocrinology. 141(9): 3267-3272. (2000). (PMID: 10965897).
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  51. Almeida Palha, J.; Fernandes, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Episkopou, V.; Gottesman, M.; Saraiva, M.J. "Transthyretin Regulates Thyroid Hormone Levels in the Choroid Plexus, But Not in the Brain Parenchyma: Study in a Transthyretin-Null Mouse Model.". Endocrinology. 141(9): 3267-3272. (2000). (PMID: 28201072).
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  52. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "[Iodine during pregnancy, lactation and infancy. Minimum and maximum doses: from micrograms to grams].". An. Esp. Pediatr.. 53(1): 1-5. (2000). (PMID: 10998395).
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  53. Casanova, M.L.; Bravo, A.; Ramírez, A.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Were, F.; Merlino, G.; Vidal, M.; Jorcano, J.L. "Exocrine pancreatic disorders in transsgenic mice expressing human keratin 8.". J. Clin. Invest.. 103(11): 1587-1595. (1999). (PMID: 10359568).
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  54. Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Obregón, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Tissue-specific patterns of changes in 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine concentrations in thyroidectomized rats infused with increasing doses of the hormone. Which are the regulatory mechanisms?". Biochimie. 81(5): 453-462. (1999). (PMID: 10403175).
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  55. Calvo, R.M.; Roda, J.M.; Obregón, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Thyroid hormones in human tumoral and normal nervous tissues.". Brain Res.. 801(1-2): 150-157. (1998). (PMID: 9729351).
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  56. Calvo, R.M.; Forcen, R.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Regadera, J. "Immunohistochemical and morphometric studies of the fetal pancreas in diabetic pregnant rats. Effects of insulin administration.". Anat. Rec.. 251(2): 173-180. (1998). (PMID: 9624446).
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  57. Schröder-van der Elst, J.P.; van der Heide, D.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregón, M.J. "Iodothyronine deiodinase activities in fetal rat tissues at several levels of iodine deficiency: a role for the skin in 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine economy?". Endocrinology. 139(5): 2229-2234. (1998). (PMID: 9564827).
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  58. Schröder-van der Elst, J.P.; van der Heide, D.; Rokos, H.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Köhrle, J. "Synthetic flavonoids cross the placenta in the rat and are found in fetal brain.". Am. J. Physiol.. 274(2 Pt 1): E253-6. (1998). (PMID: 9486155).
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  59. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Ares, S. "The hypothyroxinemia of prematurity.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 83(2): 713-716. (1998). (PMID: 9467601).
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  60. Peran, S.; Garriga, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Asunción, M.; Peran, M. "Increase in plasma thyrotropin levels in hypothyroid patients during treatment due to a defect in the commercial preparation.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 82(10): 3192-3195. (1997). (PMID: 9329337).
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  61. Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Thyroid hormones influence serum leptin concentrations in the rat.". Endocrinology. 138(10): 4485-4488. (1997). (PMID: 9322968).
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  62. Tovar, J.A.; Qi, B.; Diez-Pardo, J.A.; Alfonso, L.F.; Arnaiz, A.; Alvarez, F.J.; Valls-i-Soler, A.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Thyroid hormones in the pathogenesis of lung hypoplasia and immaturity induced in fetal rats by prenatal exposure to nitrofen.". J. Pediatr. Surg.. 32(9): 1295-1297. (1997). (PMID: 9314246).
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  63. Martínez-Galán, J.R.; Pedraza, P.; Santacana, M.; Escobar del Ray, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Ruiz-Marcos, A. "Early effects of iodine deficiency on radial glial cells of the hippocampus of the rat fetus. A model of neurological cretinism.". J. Clin. Invest.. 99(11): 2701-2709. (1997). (PMID: 9169500).
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  64. Ares, S.; Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Quero, J.; Durán, S.; Presas, M.J.; Herruzo, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Neonatal hypothyroxinemia: effects of iodine intake and premature birth.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 82(6): 1704-1712. (1997). (PMID: 9177368).
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  65. Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Obregón, M.J.; Hernandez, A.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Regulation of iodothyronine deiodinase activity as studied in thyroidectomized rats infused with thyroxine or triiodothyronine.". Endocrinology. 138(6): 2559-2568. (1997). (PMID: 9165049).
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  66. Calvo, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Obregón, M.J. "Maternal nonthyroidal illness and fetal thyroid hormone status, as studied in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rat model.". Endocrinology. 138(3): 1159-1169. (1997). (PMID: 9048623).
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  67. Palha, J.A.; Hays, M.T.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Episkopou, V.; Gottesman, M.E.; Saraiva, M.J. "Transthyretin is not essential for thyroxine to reach the brain and other tissues in transthyretin-null mice.". Am. J. Physiol.. 272(3 Pt 1): E485-93. (1997). (PMID: 9124556).
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  68. Calvo, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Obregón, M.J. "Maternal diabetes mellitus, a rat model for nonthyroidal illness: correction of hypothyroxinemia with thyroxine treatment does not improve fetal thyroid hormone status.". Thyroid. 7(1): 79-87. (1997). (PMID: 9086576).
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  69. Schröder-van der Elst, J.P.; van der Heide, D.; Rokos, H.; Köhrle, J.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Different tissue distribution, elimination, and kinetics of thyroxine and its conformational analog, the synthetic flavonoid EMD 49209 in the rat.". Endocrinology. 138(1): 79-84. (1997). (PMID: 8977388).
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  70. Pedraza, P.; Calvo, R.; Obregón, M.J.; Asunción, M.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.M. "Displacement of T4 from transthyretin by the synthetic flavonoid EMD 21388 results in increased production of T3 from T4 in rat dams and fetuses.". Endocrinology. 137(11): 4902-4914. (1996). (PMID: 8895363).
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  71. Obregón, M.J.; Calvo, R.; Hernández, A.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Regulation of uncoupling protein messenger ribonucleic acid and 5'-deiodinase activity by thyroid hormones in fetal brown adipose tissue.". Endocrinology. 137(11): 4721-4729. (1996). (PMID: 8895339).
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  72. Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; del Rey, F.E.; Obregón, M.J.; de Escobar, G.M. "Only the combined treatment with thyroxine and triiodothyronine ensures euthyroidism in all tissues of the thyroidectomized rat.". Endocrinology. 137(6): 2490-2502. (1996). (PMID: 8641203).
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  73. Escobar-Morreale, H.F.; Obregón, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism with thyroxine alone does not ensure euthyroidism in all tissues, as studied in thyroidectomized rats.". J. Clin. Invest.. 96(6): 2828-2838. (1995). (PMID: 8675653).
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  74. Chapa, F.; Künnecke, B.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Cerdán, S. "Adult-onset hypothyroidism and the cerebral metabolism of (1,2-13C2) acetate as detected by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance.". Endocrinology. 136(1): 296-305. (1995). (PMID: 7828544).
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  75. Joffe, R.T.; Nobrega, J.N.; Kish, S.J.; Calvo, R.; Dixon, L.M.; Wilson, J.M.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Regional thyroid hormone levels in rat brain.". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 19(8): 773-777. (1994). (PMID: 7991764).
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  76. Guadaño Ferraz, A.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Innocenti, G.M.; Berbel, P. "The development of the anterior commissure in normal and hypothyroid rats.". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res.. 81(2): 293-308. (1994). (PMID: 7813049).
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  77. Ruiz-Marcos, A.; Cartagena-Abella, P.; Martinez-Galan, J.R.; Calvo, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Thyroxine treatment and the recovery of pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex from changes induced by juvenile-onset hypothyroidism.". J. Neurobiol.. 25(7): 808-818. (1994). (PMID: 8089658).
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  78. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Obregón, M.J. "Thyroid hormones in tissues from fetal and adult rats.". Endocrinology. 134(6): 2410-2415. (1994). (PMID: 8194467).
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  79. Contempré, B.; Jauniaux, E.; Calvo, R.; Jurkovic, D.; Campbell, S.; de Escobar, G.M. "Detection of thyroid hormones in human embryonic cavities during the first trimester of pregnancy.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.. 77(6): 1719-1722. (1993). (PMID: 8263162).
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  80. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Obregon, M.J. "Differential effects of thyroid hormones on growth and thyrotropic hormones in rat fetuses near term.". Endocrinology. 132(5): 2056-2064. (1993). (PMID: 8477656).
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  81. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregón, M.J.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Effects of iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone metabolism and the brain in fetal rats: the role of the maternal transfer of thyroxin.". Am. J. Clin. Nutr.. 57(2 Suppl): 280S-285S. (1993). (PMID: 8427205).
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  82. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Calvo, R.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Homeostasis of brain T3 in rat fetuses and their mothers: effects of thyroid status and iodine deficiency.". Acta Med. Austriaca. 19 Suppl 1(): 110-116. (1992). (PMID: 1519443).
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  83. Calvo, R.; Obregón, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "The rat placenta and the transfer of thyroid hormones from the mother to the fetus. Effects of maternal thyroid status.". Endocrinology. 131(1): 357-365. (1992). (PMID: 1612015).
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  84. Prati, M.; Calvo, R.; Morreale, G.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentrations in the chicken egg and in the embryo before and after the onset of thyroid function.". Endocrinology. 130(5): 2651-2659. (1992). (PMID: 1572286).
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  85. Gil-Garay, R.; Miralles-Flores, C.; Obregón, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Delgado-Baeza, E. "Maternal hypothyroidism and fetal chondro-osseous development in rats.". Biol. Neonate. 60(6): 385-394. (1991). (PMID: 1797134).
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  86. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregón, M.J.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy: effects on the fetus in congenital hypothyroidism and in iodine deficiency.". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.. 299(): 133-156. (1991). (PMID: 1810132).
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  87. Obregón, M.J.; Ruiz de Oña, C.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Outer ring iodothyronine deiodinases and thyroid hormone economy: responses to iodine deficiency in the rat fetus and neonate.". Endocrinology. 129(5): 2663-2673. (1991). (PMID: 1935795).
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  88. Ruiz de Oña, C.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Obregón, M.J. "Thyroid hormones and 5'-deiodinase in the rat fetus late in gestation: effects of maternal hypothyroidism.". Endocrinology. 128(1): 422-432. (1991). (PMID: 1986934).
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  89. Calvo, R.; Obregón, M.J.; Ruiz de Oña, C.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Congenital hypothyroidism, as studied in rats. Crucial role of maternal thyroxine but not of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the protection of the fetal brain.". J. Clin. Invest.. 86(3): 889-899. (1990). (PMID: 2394838).
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  90. Calvo, R.; Obregon, M.J.; Ruiz de Oña, C.; Ferreiro, B.; Escobar Del Rey, E.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Thyroid hormone economy in pregnant rats near term: a "physiological" animal model of nonthyroidal illness?". Endocrinology. 127(1): 10-16. (1990). (PMID: 2113860).
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  91. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Calvo, R.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar Del Rey, F. "Contribution of maternal thyroxine to fetal thyroxine pools in normal rats near term.". Endocrinology. 126(5): 2765-2767. (1990). (PMID: 2328706).
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  92. Obregón, M.J.; Ruiz de Oña, C.; Hernandez, A.; Calvo, R.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Thyroid hormones and 5'-deiodinase in rat brown adipose tissue during fetal life.". Am. J. Physiol.. 257(5 Pt 1): E625-31. (1989). (PMID: 2688435).
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  93. Escobar del Rey, F.; Ruiz de Oña, C.; Bernal, J.; Obregón, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Generalized deficiency of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in tissues from rats on a low iodine intake, despite normal circulating T3 levels.". Acta Endocrinol.. 120(4): 490-498. (1989). (PMID: 2718701).
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  94. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregón, M.J.; Ruiz de Oña, C.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Comparison of maternal to fetal transfer of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine versus thyroxine in rats, as assessed from 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine levels in fetal tissues.". Acta Endocrinol.. 120(1): 20-30. (1989). (PMID: 2911938).
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  95. Ruiz de Oña, C.; Obregón, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Developmental changes in rat brain 5'-deiodinase and thyroid hormones during the fetal period: the effects of fetal hypothyroidism and maternal thyroid hormones.". Pediatr. Res.. 24(5): 588-594. (1988). (PMID: 3205610).
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  96. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Maternal-fetal thyroid hormone relationships and the fetal brain.". Acta Med. Austriaca. 15 Suppl 1(): 66-70. (1988). (PMID: 3176827).
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  97. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregon, M.J.; Ruiz de Oña, C.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Transfer of thyroxine from the mother to the rat fetus near term: effects on brain 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine deficiency.". Endocrinology. 122(4): 1521-1531. (1988). (PMID: 3345725).
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  98. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Fetal and maternal thyroid hormones.". Horm. Res.. 26(1-4): 12-27. (1987). (PMID: 3297961).
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  99. Morreale de Escobar, G.; Pastor, R.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on the weight and thyroid hormone content of rat embryonic tissues, before and after onset of fetal thyroid function.". Endocrinology. 117(5): 1890-1900. (1985). (PMID: 4042969).
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  100. Obregón, M.J.; Santisteban, P.; Rodríguez-Peña, A.; Pascual, A.; Cartagena, P.; Ruiz-Marcos, A.; Lamas, L.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Cerebral hypothyroidism in rats with adult-onset iodine deficiency.". Endocrinology. 115(2): 614-624. (1984). (PMID: 6745172).
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  101. Obregon, M.J.; Mallol, J.; Pastor, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in rat embryos before onset of fetal thyroid function.". Endocrinology. 114(1): 305-307. (1984). (PMID: 6690276).
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  102. Mallol, J.; Obregón, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Analytical artifacts in radioimmunoassay of L-thyroxin in human milk.". Clin. Chem.. 28(6): 1277-1282. (1982). (PMID: 7074933).
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  103. Ruiz-Marcos, A.; Sanchez-Toscano, F.; Obregon, M.J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Thyroxine treatment and recovery of hypothyroidism-induced pyramidal cell damage.". Brain Res.. 239(2): 559-574. (1982). (PMID: 7093702).
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  104. Escobar del Rey, F.; Gomez-Pan, A.; Obregon, M.J.; Mallol, J.; Arnao, M.D.; Aranda, A.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "A survey of schoolchildren from a severe endemic goitre area in Spain.". Q. J. Med.. 50(198): 233-246. (1981). (PMID: 7302120).
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  105. Obregon, M.J.; Mallol, J.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Presence of L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in tissues from thyroidectomized rats.". Endocrinology. 109(3): 908-913. (1981). (PMID: 7262025).
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  106. Padron, F.; Duran-Garcia, S.; Obregon, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Specific uptake of human growth hormone by the liver of severely hypothyroid rats.". J. Endocrinol. Invest.. 4(1): 119-123. (1981). (PMID: 6263964).
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  107. Durán-García, S.; Obregón, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Differential effects of hypothyroidism on the specific uptake of growth hormone and prolactin by the rat liver.". Endocrinology. 108(6): 2054-2059. (1981). (PMID: 7227295).
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  108. Obregon, M.J.; Kurtz, A.; Ekins, R.; Morreale de Escobar, G. "Evaluation of free and total L-thyroxine in serum by a commercial procedure.". Clin. Chem.. 27(1): 149-152. (1981). (PMID: 7449098).
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  109. Obregon, M.J.; Pascual, A.; Mallol, J.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Evidence against a major role of L-thyroxine at the pituitary level: studies in rats treated with iopanoic acid (telepaque).". Endocrinology. 106(6): 1827-1836. (1980). (PMID: 7371594).
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  110. Duran-Garcia, S.; Gomez-Nieto, J.; Fouchereau-Peron, M.; Padron, V.F.; Obregon, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Effects of thyroid hormones on liver binding sites for human growth hormone, as studied in the rat.". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 11(3): 275-290. (1979). (PMID: 228880).
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  111. Pascual, A.; Obregon, M.J.; de Escobar, G.M. "Tyrosine hydroxylase and the conversion of L-thyroxine into 3',3,5-triiodo-L-thyronone in the rat.". Endocrinology. 104(6): 1574-1579. (1979). (PMID: 36273).
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  112. Obregon, M.J.; Pascual, A.; de Escobar, G.M.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Pituitary and plasma thyrotropin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine after hyperthyroidism.". Endocrinology. 104(5): 1467-1473. (1979). (PMID: 108095).
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  113. Obregon, M.J.; Roelfsema, F.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F.; Querido, A. "Exchange of triiodothyronine derived from thyroxine with circulating triiodothyronine as studied in the rat.". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 10(3): 305-315. (1979). (PMID: 455743).
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  114. Obregon, M.J.; Morreale de Escobar, G.; Escobar del Rey, F. "Concentrations of triiodo-L-thyronine in the plasma and tissues of normal rats, as determined by radioimmunoassay: comparison with results obtained by an isotopic equilibrium technique.". Endocrinology. 103(6): 2145-2153. (1978). (PMID: 748038).
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